ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) is associated with several psychiatric disorders. Previous research on IGD has predominantly focused on Massively Multiplayer Online Role-playing Games (MMORPGs), considered to be pro-social games as they foster interpersonal relationships necessary for in-game progress. Sociotropy is a personality trait characterized by a cognitive approach to dealing with interpersonal relationships. Individuals with high sociotropy have a strong desire for approval from others. Beck's cognitive theory of depression posits that high sociotropy can lead to depressive symptoms when faced with interpersonal stress. We used the I-PACE model to account for the consequences of distal factors such as sociotropy on the development and maintenance of IGD. The aim of this study was therefore to compare MMORPG players with players of other game genres in terms of sociotropy, social anxiety and depression. We hypothesized that sociotropy could serve as a predictor of IGD, particularly among MMORPG players. METHODS: A total of 233 French videogame players recruited from specialized internet gaming forums participated in the study via questionnaires. Different scales were used to assess depression and social anxiety symptoms, IGD intensity, and sociotropy and autonomy. RESULTS & DISCUSSION: MMORPG players reported higher psychological distress than players of other game genres. For all players, sociotropy, rather than autonomy, was found to be a predictor of social anxiety symptoms and IGD intensity. Sociotropy and depression explained IGD intensity only for MMORPG players and not for players of other game genres. The social dimension appears to be more prominent among MMORPG players and could be one of the main personality traits predicting this specific internet gaming disorder. The treatment implications for internet gaming disorder are discussed.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The study aims to validate an online video game problematic use (Internet Gaming Disorder or IGD) scale in French language: the IGD-20. IGD-20 has been elaborated considering the discussion about the etiology of the IGD, which was included in the section III of the DSM-5. The IGD-20 is composed of 20 items split in six components based on the six components model of addiction from Griffiths. METHODS: A total of 166 online video game players were recruited on specialized forums, playing 21.9 hours per week. The French version of the IGD-20 was validated through a confirmatory factor analysis via structural equation modeling (SEM). RESULT: The French version of the IGD-20 showed a good validity and a six-factor structure (salience, mood modification, tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, conflict and relapse) (RMSEA = 0.063 [0.049; 0,077], CFI = 0.912, TLI = 0.909). CONCLUSION: The validation of a French scale such as the IGD-20 shows some interest for the French-speaking population, including therapists who could use this scale to investigate the IGD-20 more precisely and for people with IGD-20 who could benefit from a more refined support.
INTRODUCTION: L'objectif de cette étude est de valider en langue française une échelle de mesure de l'usage problématique des jeux vidéo en ligne (Internet Gaming Disorder ou IGD): l'Internet Gaming Disorder-20. L'échelle IGD-20 s'inscrit dans le débat sur les déterminants et les facteurs de maintien de l'IGD, trouble introduit dans la section III du DSM-5 et récemment référencé à la classification statistique internationale des maladies et des problèmes connexes sous l'intitulé de « trouble du jeu vidéo ¼. L'échelle se compose de 20 items séparés en six composantes reposant sur le modèle de l'addiction de Griffiths. MÉTHODE: L'étude a porté sur 166 joueurs de jeux vidéo francophones, recrutés sur des forums spécialisés, jouant en moyenne 21,9 heures par semaine. La version française de l'IGD-20 a été soumise à une analyse factorielle confirmatoire par le biais d'une modélisation en équations structurelles (SEM) afin de retrouver les six facteurs de l'échelle originale (saillance, modification de l'humeur, tolérance, manque, conflits et rechute). RÉSULTAT:S: L'analyse factorielle confirmatoire par modélisation en équations structurelles montre un ajustement satisfaisant du modèle (RMSEA = 0,063 [0,049; 0,077], CFI = 0,912, TLI = 0,909). DISCUSSION: Une validation en langue française d'un outil tel que l'IGD-20 a un intérêt pour les populations francophones, notamment pour les thérapeutes qui pourront investiguer de façon plus précise le trouble et pour les personnes atteintes qui bénéficieront d'un accompagnement affiné.
Subject(s)
Behavior, Addictive , Video Games , Behavior, Addictive/diagnosis , Behavior, Addictive/epidemiology , Humans , Internet , Internet Addiction Disorder , Language , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
Nanocomposites are an opportunity to increase the performance of polymer membranes by fine-tuning their morphology. In particular, the understanding of the contribution of the polymer matrix/nanofiller interface to the overall transport properties is key to design membranes with tailored selective and adsorptive properties. In that aim, cellulose nanocrystals (CNC)/polylactide (PLA) nanocomposites were fabricated with chemically designed interfaces, which were ensuring the compatibility between the constituents and impacting the mass transport mechanism. A detailed analysis of the mass transport behaviour of different permeants in CNC/PLA nanocomposites was carried out as a function of their chemical affinity to grafted CNC surfaces. Penetrants (O2 and cyclohexane), which were found to slightly interact with the constituents of the nanocomposites, provided information on the small tortuosity effect of CNC on diffusive mass transport. The mass transport of water (highly interacting with CNC) and anisole (interacting only with designed CNC surfaces) exhibited non-Fickian, Case II behaviour. The water vapour caused significant swelling of the CNC, which created a preferential pathway for mass transport. CNC surface grafting could attenuate this phenomenon and decrease the water transport rate. Anisole, an aromatic organic vapour, became reversibly trapped at the specifically designed CNC/PLA interface, but without any swelling or creation of an accelerated pathway. This caused the decrease of the overall mass transport rate. The latter finding could open a way to the creation of materials with specifically designed barrier properties by designing nanocomposites interfaces with specific interactions towards permeants.
